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THE USEFUL COLLIE 

AND 

HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 



Y W. A. SARGENT 



A PRACTICAL BOOK - - ^ 
FOR PRACTICAL FARMERS 
AND OTHER OWNERS OF COLLIES. 






THE LIBRARY »f 
e&NGPtESS, 

Two COPIW flECEIVEO 

APR. 8 1902 

^COFYWIHT ENTRY 

CLASS ^^.XXc No. 
COPY B. 



COPYRIGHT 1902, BY W. A. SARGENT. 



PRELUDE, 



IT is not my intention in ])resenting this little 
booklet, to do anything more than take np and 
explain, as l)est I can, a few points that have 
come under my own observation and experience as 
a breeder of the Collie. 

The origin, history, and to the layman the un- 
interesting facts in regard to pedigrees, etc., etc., 
have nothing whatsoever to do with the aim of 
this booklet. There are several good and thorough 
books relating to the history of dogs, their origin, 
etc., etc., but I am trying to reach and assist the 
people who keep dogs for ordinary ])urposes, and 
with that hope I submit the following. 



MAN AND THE COLLIE. 

I do not say that the Collie bred in its purity, 
is the most intelligent sjiecies of the dog, but I do 
say that in my opinion, the Collie is the dog "par 
excellence," in point of intelligence, beauty, fidelity', 
companionship, comradeship, affection, its love for 
his master. Call it what 3'ou will, it is a wonder- 
ful and beautiful thing. 

I could enumerate numerous instances that are 
on record, and matters of history, showing the al- 
most human intelligence that has been brought into 
prominence and displa3-ed by some untoward event, 
or unforeseen circumstance, calling at once at an 
instant's notice for prompt action and heroic meas- 
ures. I firmly ])elieYe that a Collie can reason. I 
believe that without reasoning powers it would be 
impossible for him to have made such a record as 
he has left us, in past events, of his superior pow- 
ers. However this may he, it must be sufficiently 
plain to all who have ever given it a thought that 
the Collie is a most remarkable dog, and capable 
of absorbing and imitating to a very high degree. 
If w^e admit then that the Collie is so intelligent, 
which we must ])erforce do. we must also admit 
that it is only a matter of a little patience on the 
part of a teacher that will bring out these quali- 
ties. We must never lose sight of the fact, however, 
that even as intelligent as we admit him to be, the 
Collie cannot talk "United States." Thus, we labor 



b THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

under a disadvantage at the start, in the matter of 
educating the Collie. 

As I look at it, the one great secret of a teach- 
er's success is absolute command of his passion, or 
temper, as we prefer to call it. On no occasion and 
under no exasperation, or transaction however 
vexatious, must this even gentleness be relaxed. 
Unless one is so constituted as to be able to possess 
himself in absolute patience, he is almost sure to 
make a miserable failure at teaching, and to make 
a "cur" of the dog. More than with any other 
breed of dogs, kindness, gentleness, and encouraging 
words and looks are necessary, understood and 
responded to by the Collie. 

The Collie is willing, is more than willing, is 
delighted in fact, if he can perchance do anything 
to please his master, and get his recommend. He 
is so happy about it that his eyes twinkle merrih^, 
his tail wags heartily, and his every movement 
indicates the greatest joy because he has been able 
to, assist his master and get a word of praise. 

It resolves itself to this fact, then. The dog is 
willing and anxious to please and do. The teacher 
must find or discover some way or method whereby 
he can convey his ideas, his wishes, and his desires 
to the dog. Here is the secret of the whole thing. 

So in reality, the responsibility nearh' all rests 
with the teacher or man, and but very little with 
the dog. 

It is hardh' advisable to lay down hard and fast 
rules for teaching. Everv successful teacher has dif- 



HOW TO make: him so. i 

ferent methods. The prineiples followed must be 
similar, but the results are reached often along 
widely different lines. As there are many different 
types of men in regard to character, disposition, 
etc., etc., there are also many different types of 
character in CoHies. A successful teacher must know^ 
the capabilities of his pupil. What, in some cases 
is required for one dog, would be f|uite wrong used 
in connection with another or different dog. Not 
all Collies are brilliant and show the extreme of 
intelligence. Some are dullards, some are morose, 
surly and ill-mannered. Some are actually almost 
"simples," or fools. But these the teacher knows 
very soon and it is hardly advisable to s])end time 
with this class. 

There are many things that a Collie learns l)\' 
observation and imitation. In fact, the ability of 
the Collie to absorb knowledge by observation and 
imitation is al)out all the teaching he requires in 
the way of manners, gentleness, affection and gen- 
eral deportment. His human companion or com- 
panions, the famih^ members with whom he associ- 
ates, b\^ going the even tenor of their ways, will 
show to the Collie what he should and should not 
do. This may seem absurd to some, but it is never- 
theless a fact. If a Collie has a gentle master or 
mistress, you will observe that as the dog reaches 
maturit3% he will be gentle, tractable, reliable and 
well-mannered. If on the other hand, he has a 
vicious and ill-tempered master or mistress, the dog- 
will be transformed into a "cur." 



8 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

The Collie can be taught to do and perform, by- 
word of month or by motions of the hand or arm, 
or even by the movement and expression of the eye. 
It is a fact that a Collie will note the changes in 
his master's ty^, or the different inflections and 
intonations of his voice much quicker than will the 
human being. 

Collies can be trained to make perfect watch- 
dogs, but it is not a training that necessarily makes 
them vicious or treacherous. We have been told 
and have read of Collies that were treacherous or 
snappy. We think in the majorit^^ of cases, if they 
could be traced to the source, the original sin w^ould 
have been a kick or cuff or some cruelty inflicted on 
the dog b\^ man, and the treacherousness of the 
dog was merely a "getting even" spirit. 

We have bred and reared, bought and sold Collies 
for several years. Hundreds passing through our 
hands and under our observation, and we have 3'et 
to see the first naturally vicious or treacherous one. 

The true nature of a Collie is naturally exul)er- 
ant ajid playful to a most remarkable degree. In 
fact, we know of no specimens of the "dog tribe," 
that retains their puppyhood in the way of play- 
fulness so long as the Colhe. Age seems hardh^ to 
make any difference in this degree. 

Some isolated Collies perhaps, that have no in- 
centive to exercise and are confined more or less, no 
companions or playmates, and laying comparativeh' 
idle, lay on fat and become dull and lose their 
playfulness. 



now TO MAKE HIM SO. 'ti 

The fact that a great many Collies are purciiased 
by people to be used as playmates for children, is 
sufficient evidence of their usefulness in that direc- 
tion. Place a A^oung Collie pup with a child and 
let them grow up together and it almost always 
proves a success to both parties. The child learns 
to love and be kind to dumb animals, especially the 
dog, and the dog learns to love and care for the 
child. As a means of protection and comjianion- 
shi]T, the Collie takes high rank. 

We find that natural environment has a great 
deal to do with the formation of a Collie's charac- 
ter and ph3'sical well-being. If born and brought 
.up in a kennel in a small city lot, he will, more 
likely than not, be stunted in si;ce and also in mind. 
Witliout free range, and continually in confinement, 
he never attains the self-reliance, wide-awake and 
alert attentive manners of the country bred Collie. 
It is astonishing to note the diftercnce. Pups born 
and reared in the country, with never a moment's 
confinement, develop rare strength, muscle and bone. 
His bright eye shows perfect health and vigor. His 
expression indicates perfect poise and self-reliance, 
and shows aljility in all cases to grasp possibilities, 
and suffer severe hardships that would sadly tax 
the constitution of a kennel bred and reared Collie. 

There are many that think Collies Ijred solely for 
show purposes, are deficient in intelligence. I think 
so to a certain extent, and the reasons for it are 
these. The majority of Collies that are shown on 
the bench belonsf to gentlemen who are well able to 



10 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

have and sustain large kennels. They breed for 
show points, and to show points. So far as I 
know about any show in this country, the Collie 
is given no chance to show his mental powers, 
beyond looking bright, attentive and attractive. I 
said the majority shown were "bench dogs" and 
do nothing but simply exist to be exhibited f(jr 
their good looks as ruled by the accepted standard. 
Now then as is seen, displayed intelligence does not 
count in the shows, who then, that shows Collies 
is going to the trouble to breed for it. Their exer- 
tions are put into "form" and appearance, and 
from lack of use, the brain of the ColHe is being 
neglected. I believe in shows and showing dogs, 
but as I claim intelligence is the strong point of the 
Collie, why then not show him in a way to exhibit 
that point or trait. That "like produces like," 
should not be lost sight of. 

I have Collies that I keep at work driving stock, 
almost up to the date of whelping. The offspring 
of such a bitch if she has been coupled with a good 
working dog is sure to develop into first-class 
workers, with but very little attention. It is in 
the blood. Bred into them. These Collies have 
brains. They are manifestly able to take care of 
themselves in any emergency, rapid and graceful in 
their work and movements, and constitute the true 
Collie. 

The training of dogs is of such importance, and 
there are so many that have made it a Hfe study, 
and have written long books on the subject that it 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 11 

would be presiimpttious on m^- part to tr3' and add 
anything in this Hne, and it is not my intention to 
do so. If I can give a few hints and point out a 
few simple directions, my motive will be accom- 
plished, and in a 1)ooklet of this limited order is all 
that can be expected. 

After the pup has become "wonted," give him a 
name, and do not try to teach him anything else 
till he knows that, and will come to yon at the 
sound of it. The next thing, is to teach him to 
come to you at any time and every time you call 
him. I have found that a slight reward such as a 
little piece of meat or cheese or any tid-bit that the 
pup likes, is appreciated and remembered by him, 
and it is always best to reward him in some such 
substantial manner, and also by a gentle pat on the 
head and a few kind words, after he has obeyed 
3'ou. Do not l)e too kind, too often. Do not 
caress too much. Do not above all things tease the 
pup. Never under any consideration kick a Collie. 
The whip must seldom be used, and never only in 
case of a flagrant and plain act of disobedience. A 
reprimand in a sharp, stern voice, not necessarily 
loud is nearly always effective. Yelling, screaming 
and loud voiced commands, unless the dog be at a 
distance are not to be tolerated. 

The little tricks that can be taught a dog are 
many and easy. All it requires is average intelli- 
gence on the part of the pup and a "whole lot" of 
patience on the part of the teacher. The first prin- 
ciple : Always have the one trick thoroughly learned 



12 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

and established in the dog's mind before trying to 
teach him another. 

To learn him to sit down, hold him gently and 
press him gradually down from behind, saying all 
the time in a conversational tone of voice, yet firm- 
ly, "sit down," "sit down." If he does not readily 
do this, draw his hind legs under his body, gently, 
which will cause him of a necessity to assume a 
sitting posture. Keep at this a few moments at a 
time, at intervals when you may be at leisure, until 
he will sit down at command. When this step is 
accomplished, go a little further, and after you have 
ordered him to sit down, learn him to "lie dow^n." 
Say, "lie down, lie down," repeatedly, and with 
your hand on his head, gently force him to a recum- 
bent attitude. To make him sit up, put him against 
the wall and hold him up, repeating "sit up." By 
using patience, and not forgetting to reward the 
pup with some dainty he likes, he will soon learn 
to sit up. 

In nearly all cases each succeeding trick comes a 
little easier to the dog. As his education advances 
his brain broadens, I suppose, and his reasoning 
powers are given exercise, and a chance to expand. 
There are many more simple little tricks that will 
suggest themselves in the natural course of instruc- 
tion, and I will leave these for 3'our own invention. 

I have tried several ways of teaching a Colhe to 
drive stock, cows for instance, and where possible 
and convenient, have had fairly good success with 
the following plan. In this matter, one shotdd be 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 13 

careful and not commence the dog's training when 
too young, for in some cases that have come under 
m}' observation, if the dog gets kicked over two or 
three times he will thereafter be lialile to go to the 
head, which is a bad habit and hard to cure. But 
at tlie age of from eight to ten or twelve m.onths, if 
the Collie is bright, trappy and alert, you can safe- 
ly' begin his education in driving. A])ropos of go- 
ing to the head of the creature and barking or 
driving, will say that some Collies have that in- 
stinct. Their Ijreeding has not been carefully con- 
ducted. Their ancestors, likely enough had formed 
this bad habit. I have seen Collies that had been 
allowed the run of the barns, (before being taught 
anything), that have developed the trait of snap- 
ping and barking at the heads of the cattle from 
the feeding alley. This should never be allowed, as 
it is annoying to the cattle and sets all the firmer 
a bad and ])ernicious habit. Rut I have digressed. 
In the winter I usually turn stock into the biirn 
yards for water. Now with the aid of a little en- 
couragement and patience, coupled with the Col- 
lies' power to observe and imitate, you can soon 
teach the dog to drive the cattle into the stable 
again. If he proves too headstrong, do not scold 
him Axry much, but put a line onto him and he is 
easily managed. It is well to have him accustomed 
to the collar and line, and always when you have 
him thus in hand, encourage him and play with 
him so to make him understand that being in sub- 
jection to restraint is in no wa\' a punishment, but 



14 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

rather a novel way of playing. Let him under- 
stand that when he is in hand by the line, that it 
is then his part to be attentive, lively and general- 
Iv at his best. Do not jerk him about or hurt him 
in an^' way, for if you do the discipline of the line 
will be bvit a punishment. 

Have your yard arranged so that he can work 
the cows singly if you so desire. This is merely to 
teach him to recognize the different ones. Let one 
drink and then help him to drive her to the stable. 
Soon he will be doing this driving without 3'our 
assistance. Many times when cattle are together in 
the yard one will drink and then stand directly in 
front of the trough and lick herself all over, in the 
meantime obstructing the trough so that another 
and more timid cow will have to wait. A well 
trained Collie will not allow this monopoly. He 
will see that ever^^ cow has her chance. I do not 
consider it necessary for the cows that they should 
be driven in and out of the stable. They could 
drink and go to the barn without the aid of the 
dog, but it is not of the cattle I am thinking, it is 
the dog. 

You will find w4ien it comes summer and time 
to turn the cows out, the dog will have gotten a 
long way in his education and knowledge of driv- 
ing. A few trips to the pasture with 3'ou and more 
encouragement and patience, will show him what 
is expected, and he will gradualh' but surely take 
it up and become a valuable assistance. But one 
must have patience. The dog will not become per- 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 15 

feet ill his duty in a week or a month. In fact, 
YOU may think sometimes that you are not succeed- 
ing at all, but if the Collie you may have is from 
a working strain, you have ever^' reason to sup- 
pose that sooner or later your hopes will be real- 
ized. 

In my experience with Collies have found them 
almost alwa^'s in too much of a hurry. The\' want 
the cattle to go fast. The onh' wa^- I can advise 
lo correct this, is the line. When the pasture is 
large and the cattle may be at the far end, and the 
dog goes and brings them to the gate on a run, it 
is of course an act for punishment. But just here 
is a nice point. Can you be sure that the dog will 
know what you are punishing him for? Has he 
not a right to think that you are punishing him 
for bringing the cattle at all? I think a better plan 
is to go with him a few times to the far end, and 
help him drive them in slowly. This plan will not 
work in all cases, but it is worth}' of a trial. 

A Collie cnn be taught to obc}' motion signals 
in the following way. Let the dog run ahead of 
you some distance, then whistle to him to return 
to j'ou, catch his eye, whistle again and motion 
with 3-our hand and arm, just the same as 3'ou 
would to a person. It will take but a few lessons, 
and the clog will come to you obedient to your 
motion as far as he can see you, and just as quick- 
ly and readih' as he will from your whistle. 

You can send him from you in the same manner. 
Say "go ahead," and motion accordingly. Also by 



16 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

the same means, he can be taught to go to either 
side. 

1 never practiced the idea of keeping a ColHe at 
"heel." It seems to me unnecessary, and not in 
keeping with the Collie nature, which is pre-emi- 
nently to romp and pla^-, run and jump and con- 
tinualh' make merry. 

1 admit that in the cities in crowded thorough- 
fares it is a grand good thing to have a dog 
trained to "heel," but in the open country I never 
teach it. Among sporting dogs, to "heel" is about 
the first lesson. 

^'BRINGING UP/' 

The following advice may be of benefit to one 
having a pup or dog for the first time. 

If the pup has been shipped from a distant point, 
it will reach you in a somewhat odiferous state. I 
do not as a rule advocate the promiscuous washing 
of Collies, for the reason that if not thoroughly 
dried out in a warm atmosphere, they are liable to 
catch cold, and the fur or coat of a Collie pup is so 
dense that you will find difficulty in the drying. 

In the summer time my Collies have access to 
river and pond daily, and take advantage of it 
voluntaril\\ In the winter they roll in the snow 
banks dozens of times in a day, and thus keep their 
coats "clean as a whistle." However, if the pup is 
in a filthy condition upon his arrival he should at 
once be washed, dried and disinfected. And be sure 
the whole performance is thoroughly done. Would 



H(}w ro MAKI-: HIM so. it 

advise using some good standard kennel soap and 
disinfectant. 

On arriving at a new place a young Collie is 
verv susceptible to first impressions and influences, 
so it is a vital and necessary point to start exactly 
right so that no bad habits ma^^ be formed. More 
pups are influenced in the v^rong direction through 
mistaken kindness, than through neglect. As a 
general thing, the pup on his arrival is made much 
of and has a nice place ])rovided for him behind the 
stove, or the children must have it sleep in their 
room. This is all kiiulness, but it is fatal to the 
proper upbringing. The young puji, knowing no 
better, will leave his voidings wherever and when- 
ever it happens. A young pup if kept in the house, 
must be put out of doors ever}- hour. As this is 
manifestly impossible, a jilace should be ])rovided 
where the pup can have free access to the 3'ard, or 
where he can go into another room in which there 
should be a box of dirt or sawdust. If one of the 
]3up's droppings are kept in this box for a few 
nights, the pup will learn for what purpose it is there. 

The Collie is naturallv cleanh', and if started in 
the right direction no future trouble will result. 

A dog should never be allowed to stay in the 
house all night till it is at least a year old and has 
the habit of cleanliness thoroughly fixed. Of course 
the best and easiest way to bring up a [)up to be 
cleanly, is to get him in the spring or summer, if 
you live in a cold climate, and fix up a little kennel 
(a box with a hole in it for him to go in and out). 



18 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

and the pup will soon learn of his own accord the 
proper method to pursue. When the pup arrives it 
is best to put him at once where his home is to be, 
that he may become accustomed to it and know 
that he belongs there. He will no doubt "howl," 
"bark" and "take on," but beyond seeing that he 
has water and refreshments, it is best to visit him 
but seldom for the first two or three days. Let 
him have it out with himself and he will be for- 
ever contented, barring cruelty. If the pup is con- 
stanth^ visited and petted by some members of the 
familj^ during his first two or three days, he will 
whine and howl all the more when left to himself 
and it will take longer to get him into a contented 
frame of mind. 

DISEASES. 

Diseases of dogs are many and varied, (but with 
two or three exceptions they are quite easily sub- 
dued), and more especially is this true where mau\' 
are kept together in one place. Large kennels have 
to be kept scrupulously clean. Not a cleaning now 
and then, but cleaning and disinfecting all the time. 

Where there is only one dog kept, the dangers 
from diseases are comparatively few. It is always 
best in case your dog is sick, to call in a veterinary 
at once, providing that you do not feel equal of 
taking charge of the case yourself. There are also 
several good books treating especially of diseases of 
dogs, and it would be well to have one or more of 
these to consult and refer to as occasion may demand. 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 19 

A proper diagnosis of the case is of vital im- 
portance. If the dog has a tape worm and 3-011 
are treating him for indigestion, you can form some 
idea of how efficacious the treatment will be. 

The more common diseases of dogs are distem- 
per, d3'senter\', indigestion and mange. All dogs, 
and pups especially, are afflicted with worms. Proli- 
ably worms have resulted in the death of more 
pups than all other causes combined. Fleas, also 
are a source of great anno\'ance, and must be 
reckoned with. There are man\' remedies on the 
market, put up b\' specialists in dog diseases, and 
I have had good results from all of them that I 
have tried, and I advise ever3' keeper of a dog to 
provide himself with a few of the well known and 
standard remedies, for the more ordinarv and com- 
mon diseases, as mentioned alcove. 

I will state, however, that I have used almost 
exclusively in my kennels, the remedies put up b3' 
Dr. H. Clay Glover, No. 1293 Broadway, New 
York Cit3', a specialist in dog diseases, and veter- 
inarian to the Westminster Kennel Club, and have 
found them in all cases the ''real thing." The3' 
come in convenient form, easv to give, and have 
proved their worth man3' times. 

HOW TO FEED. 
In more than half the instances where I have 
sold pups, the customers ask me for information in 
regard to the feeding the 3'oung animal. With that 
in view, I have prepared this brief legend. 



20 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

A pup never should be shipped till he is eight 
weeks old, at least. At that age, he should be well 
weaned and read^^ to eat almost anything. Young 
pups should be fed at least four or five times a day 
till they are six months old. They should never be 
allowed to eat much at a time, (overeat, that is,) 
not enough so that they will appear inflated. A 
little at a time and often, is the best way to ke^p 
him growing and healthy. 

Whatever there may be left from your various 
meals during the day is good food for the pup with 
the exception of potato. Feed potatoes sparinglj^ 
Thick sour curdled milk is not a beneficial diet for 
more than three times in a week. Cooked meat 
and vegetables of all kinds, (potatoes excepted), 
are good, and this variety of food builds up all the 
different parts of the dog and makes him robust. 

There is an idea among some, that the feeding 
of meat to a pup or dog is entirely the wrong 
thing. That it will cause no end of diseases, mad- 
ness, etc., etc. This theory has long since been ex- 
ploded. Meat is the natural food or diet for a dog, 
and in his growing months of puppyhood, nothing 
will build him up like the right proportion of meat 
in his food. A reasonable amount is almost abso- 
lutely necessarj^ for his well-being and health. One 
must use a little judgment in the matter. If the 
dog is very small and kept as a toy or lap dog, 
and has practically no exercise, the meat diet must 
be light, and the cooling effect of the vegetable diet 
administered. But a Collie that is reasonably 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 21 

active and free can hardly be fed too mucli meat 
when he has reached maturit}-. 

All pups and dogs should have bones to gnaw, 
as it keeps their teeth clean, and the particles 
gnawed oft" are a prominent factor in supph'ing 
nutrition to the bone structures. 

At the age of six months, the pup should be fed 
but three times a day until a year old, when it can 
be dropped to twice each day, feeding the heaviest 
meal at night. 

The making of big strong, lusty dogs, comes 
largely from plenty of nutritioxis food and exercise. 

There are prepared foods for dogs, known as dog- 
biscuits or dog bread. The}' are always in con- 
venient form for feeding, and mav be fed dr^- or 
soaked, singly, or mixed with other foods. I have 
always used them in my kennels, (whenusingcommer- 
cial foods,) and have found them extremely satisfac- 
tory. Many people have an idea, if they stop to think 
of it at all, that a dog can digest almost anything. 
Such is not the case, for a dog's stomach is a ver}- 
deHcate organ and will not stand aljuse. In mature 
dogs, indigestion is a ver^- common derangement, 
and gives rise to eczema, emaciation and various 
other infirmities, and the feeding of unwholesome 
and unnatural foods greath^ aggravates this dis- 
order. 

To sum up, I sa}-, give your dog good clean 
nutritious food, and plenty of it, and with plenty 
of exercise he will in almost all cases kec]) in 
condition. 



22 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

WHERE TO BUY. 

In bii\nng- Collies, either pvips or mature dogs, it 
is always best and safest to obtain them of a reli- 
able and reputable breeder. Whether you wish the 
Collie for a companion, an amusement, a play-fellow 
for 3'our children, or as a worker, your judgment 
should tell 3'ou to bu}' where you are reasonabh' 
sure of getting square treatment, and also where 
you will be reasonably sure of getting what you 
pay for. Take for instance, a person who has been 
breeding Collies for years, and who has made it a 
successful business, it is only fair to suppose that 
he knows something about it. He knows what is 
required by the standard, and can breed closer to 
it than can a person who breeds indiscriminately. 

Simply coupling a male and a female Collie for 
the bringing forth of young, is not breeding, in 
much of any sense of the word. But that is the 
way many Collies are brought into the world, and 
when you see Collie pups sold for a little or noth- 
ing, and warranted to be pure blooded and all 
that, it is fair to say that the coupling has been 
made simply to get some pups to sell, regardless of 
the proper mating. 

To l3e a successful breeder, one must know for 
what he is breeding. Must have an ideal plainly 
developed in his mind. This gives something tangi- 
ble. Shows some evidence of responsibility and 
forethought. 

It should always be a source of satisfaction, 
whether you are keeping dogs for fun or profit, to 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 23 

know that 3'ou have a good thing. And if yon do 
not know what the "real thing" is in Collies, von 
stand a better chance of getting full value for your 
money by buying from a long established and well 
known breeder, who can refer you to customers for 
a verification of his methods of breeding and deal- 
ing, than 3n)u will to buy from "any old mating" 
that may be proposed to you. Man3% in purchas- 
ing a Collie, do not stop to think that a highly 
bred one is more valuable to place on the market. 
The\" think of it, maybe, but not seriouslv. Cir- 
cumstances are such sometimes that it becomes ad- 
visable to dispose of 3'our dog. If he is a pure bred 
and registered animal, and a fair specimen of the 
breed, he has a standard and market value. If he 
is a mongrel or cur or the result of mismating, he 
will be hard to give away- 

I do not mean to be understood as saying that 
nothing but a registered Collie is an^-- good. What 
I mean is that a ver^^ much larger percentage of 
the carefully and scientificalh' bred dogs are nearer 
the ideal, than those mated carelessly with no 
thought but to get piips to sell cheap and a lot of 
them. 

Right here it is interesting to note the following 
from the pen of Mr. R. D. Bohannan in Field and 
Fanc\\ "If a man has a bitch by the dog that 
won everj'thing at the New York show" last year, 
he makes haste to breed her to the New York win- 
ner of this year, and in nine cases out of ten the 
whole litter is not worth the stud fee." Now, why 



24 



THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 



is this? It simply shows the man's lack of knowl- 
edge in the fundamental laws of breeding. It is not 
my intention to tire you with a long drawn out 
argument or exhaustive rehearsing of the " whj^s 
and wherefores" of breeding. The above quotation 
is made simplj^ to show 3'ou that successful breed- 
ing, whether it be of horses, cattle, sheep or dogs, 
must be accompanied with a thorough knowledge 
of the principles of heredit}'. Thus it is plainly 
seen that in buying from a long recognized and 
established breeder, 3^ou are getting the results of 
careful study and research, and not the promis- 
cuous offspring of careless or knowledgeless breeders. 




now TO MAKE HIM SO. 2o 

NOTICES FROM THE DAILY PRESS. 



THE BABY^S GUARDIAN. 

A g^entleman in Connectictit took not long ago a 
Collie from the Lothian kennels at Stepney. The dog, 
after the fashion of its kind, soon made himself one of 
the family, and assumed special responsibilities in connec- 
tion \vith the youngest child, a girl three years of age. 
It happened one day in November that the father was 
returning from a drive, and as he neared his house he 
noticed the dog in a pasture which \vas separated by a 
stone wall from the road. From behind this wall the 
Collie would spring up, bark and then jump down again, 
constantly repeating it. Leaving his horse and going to 
the spot, he found his little girl seated on a stone, with 
the Collie wagging his tail and keeping guard beside her. 

In the light snow their path could be plainly seen, 
and as he traced it back he saw where the little one had 
walked several times around an open well in the pasture. 
Very close to the brink ^vere the prints of the baby shoes, 
but still closer on the edge of the well were the tracks 
of the Collie, which had evidently kept between her and 
the well. I need not tell you the feelings of the father as 
he saw the fidelity of the duml) crcatiire, walking be- 
tween the child and what might otherwise have been a 
terrible death. — Our Dumb Animals. 



COLLIE SAVED A LIFE. 

Plunged Into the Icy Passaic and Brought a Drunken Man Ashore. 
Paterson, N. J., Dec. 1.— " Ricketts," a Collie belong- 
ing to Poormaster Jacob Ryerson, saved a drunken man 
from drowning last night. Mr. Ryerson lives on the 
bank of the Passaic at Totowa in this city, and last 
night about 9 o'clock he heard the dog barking furious- 
ly at the gate. He ran out, and noticing that the atten- 
tion of the animal was directed to the river, he opened 
the gate. The dog bounded out and plunged into the 
cold water. It was then that Mr. Rverson saw some- 



26 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

thing floundering in the river. The dog soon reached the 
floating object and succeeded in returning to the shore 
with it. It proved to be a well-dressed young man who 
had been intoxicated, but whom the swim in the cold 
water had partly sobered. He satisfied the Poormaster 
that he had no intention of taking his own life. He 
promised Mr. Ryerson that he would never touch a drop 
of liquor again, but he refused to give his name. 



COLLIE SHEPHERDS. 

Dogs Show Their Sagacity and Faithfulness in the Care of Large 
Flocks. 

Hardly a winter passes but from the great sheep 
ranges of the northwest comes some story of the intelli- 
gence, faithfulness and endurance of a shepherd's only 
companion, his Collie dog. These sheep dogs came by 
their nature and training honestly, for either they or 
their ancestors came from the sheep dotted hills of Eng- 
land, Scotland or Wales, where for generations past, the 
supreme effort of the shepherd has been to produce a per- 
fect sheep dog. They have succeeded well, for no man 
could be as useful to the sheep owner, for man is neither 
so persistent nor agile, possesses siich endurance, or is so 
gentle under training and reproof. The dog does not 
reason as to the why and wherefore of his affection, for 
the worst sort of a brutal shepherd dog, one that will 
mind the sheep on the hills, patiently awaits his master's 
coming from the tavern to guide his reeling footsteps 
to his home. 

On the great plains of the west these dogs have made 
it possible for one man to care for 3,000 or 4,000 sheep 
in a flock. All they ask is a bite to eat, and once in 
awhile, when their feet are filled M^ith the sharp pines of 
the cactus, they will come to have them taken out. 
There is no value on a well trained sheep dog. The well 
bred Collie which takes the prizes at the bench show is 
beautiful to look at, but his homelier brother, the trained 
dog of the range, is worth more. 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. -^ i 

In the new country, the work of the sheep dog is 
hard. It is on a big scale. In the old country, the work 
is easier, lout it has its finer points. In the new conatry, 
the dog may drive 2,000 sheep; in the old country, a 
dog may have to drive 3,000 or 4-, 000, which takes 
more thotight and skill. In the old country, the feature 
of every country fair in a sheep district is the sheep dog 
trials. A trophy is the annual prize, and the shepherds 
and their dogs come from afar off to try for the cup. 

The field is cleared of the crowd. Three sheep are 
taken in a wagon to the far end, perhaps into a bit of 
wood, and there turned loose. The shepherd and his 
dog must get these sheep together, drive them the length 
of the field, through certain stalked walls, through gates 
and over bridges and finally into a pen biiilt in the open 
with no guiding fences on either side and with but nar- 
row oj^eniiigs. 

By word, gesture and whistle, the man directs the 
dog at long range. The dog keeps one eye on his master 
and one on the sheep. He slinks along close to the 
ground or covers it at lightning speed, as the need of the 
moment may demand. He \\'orks the sheep with human 
intelligence and a speed and energy of which no man is 
capable. The work of the trained sheep dog puts his 
kind at the head of the list of intelligent animals. 

These trials for the trophy are a great feature of life 
in the sheep coiintries. Rivalries are engendered and 
often neighborhoods divided over the respective merits of 
the dogs. The day of the trial is the great day of the 
country fair, and the betting is high between the fac- 
tions. Looks do not seem to count in this trial of skill, 
for the great long-haired Collie of the type known in 
America is not always the best. The dog that carries 
away the trophy may be a little, short-haired, homely 
and insignificant brute, which slinks to the heel of his 
master like a creattire of no spirit. But send him after 
the sheep, and his whole character seems to change. He 
is slow and gentle or quick and bold, as the sheep may 
require. 



28 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

COLLIE CHARACTER. 

(FROM A CONTRIDUTOR. ) 

I believe the Collie character is handed down, 
and though latent for want of development, by rea- 
son of its not being exercised, that like a seed, left 
in its package for years, perhaps, when given the 
required conditions, earth, moisture and warmth, it 
will burst forth into life, expand and grow into a 
beautiful plant and bear the rich fruit of its species. 
So the Collie, though bred and reared under such 
circumstances that perchance he may never have 
seen a cloven-footed animal of an}' kind until he 
has become a dog of several years, he can then be 
aroused and prove the useful and helpful qualities 
to a great degree, which had for his whole life been 
dormant. 

In conjunction with the above I believe that 
these qualities are handed down, though a sire msix 
never have been out of city life, having no part in 
country aifairs, and that his offspring may take the 
good working qualities of a remoter ancestry. And 
I am firmly convinced that in breeding we may ex- 
pect and get just as good an average fine specimens 
in show qualities and native intelligence from the 
good vigorous son of a most noted and prize win- 
ning sire, as would result from the distinguished 
sire. If the children suffer for the sins of back gener- 
ations, why cannot we expect the good trait of 
character so prominent in a family line to con- 
tinually assert itself. Personal experience, in breed- 
ing to a particular Collie for several years, proves 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 29 

this to me. He was a beautiful white, and being 
very anxious to get some white piq-ipies, their color 
being rare and in demand, my disappointment was 
the greater, but uo white puppies ever resulted from 
his use. Now, for this heredity idea, most of his sons 
and daughters throw at everv litter, at least one 
white pupp\% and often nearly the whole litter are 
white even when bred to one in no wav akin. 



MR. OSBORNE'S WAY. 

IC. E. OSBORNE, STEPNEY, CT. I 

The true Collie is by very nature a most per- 
sistent companion of man, looking to him for friend- 
shi]) and kind treatment, but he is distrustfid of the 
one who would offer ill usage, rough harsh hand- 
ling. Make your dog your friend, treat him as a 
friend, not altogether as a servant, to be used or 
abused at the mood of the master. When once \'ou 
have gained his full confidence and trust, the noble 
Collie wdll prove himself fulh' worthy of all that you 
can do for him; "Whatever sad mischance o'ertake 
ye, man, he's the dog will ne'er forsake _ve." It is 
also born in him to be interested in cattle and sheep, 
feeing just as pertinent to the handling of stock as 
the young hound is to the trail. Now to get the 
best aid and service from him, patience and thought 
must be exercised, and the more one has of these 
cpialifications so much the better helper he will have 
for his intelligent treatment of the dog. Train your 
Collie; l^reaking is not the right method as the gen- 



30 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

eral term is understood. "Break" a dog of a bad 
trick, something which he has done that is wrong 
and bad in itself, not an error or mistake in his 
work, and to accompHsh this, whenever it may ap- 
pear necessary, having scolded or punished him, 
which should seldom be resorted to, then chain him 
up in some secluded place, alone, leaving him there 
for a number of hours — to think it over — and then 
as you return to him in a pleasant manner, he will 
be ready to receive you and be friends, while on the 
other hand if punished and not placed under re- 
straint he is very likely to skulk away and heed no 
call to return, resulting in harm, no good coming 
from the punishment, leaving him really worse as 
regards his obedience. Do not call him to you to 
receive punishment but go to him, so that he may 
not afterward distrust you and lose confidence in 
your call. 

Teaching and guiding by example is the proper 
method. The Collie naturally takes to one master, 
this is quite a settled fact and therefore it is much 
better for the one who will have the most use for 
the dog to feed him and bestow the kindly acts, 
especialh^ when he is first introduced into his nev^^ 
home. Teach the young puppy to come to you, 
awarding him with a caress and some trifle of 
food, following this course often, so he will come 
at once at a slight call or other hint. After he has 
become well accustomed to a collar and chain, take 
him out for a walk and at intervals, suddenly, 
while he is in advance of you, halt, speaking the 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 31 

word, "whoa!" at same moment giving a slight 
pull upon the chain ; remain still for a minute or 
more, repeating this often, and 3'our puppy will 
soon stop quickly at the spoken word alone. This 
is a very important lesson as much depends upon 
his quickness to obey this command in his after 
work. The dog which obex's "whoa I" perfectly, is 
on a par with the boy who can sa^^ "no ; " both can 
be depended upon. If your dog is making "error" 
or "running wald " at his work, he can there be 
checked b^- this command and so give an oppor- 
tunity to start right again. 

While leading the puppy you can teach him to 
"heel," "keep back," causing him to follow closeh- 
at \'our heels and as he endeavors to advance, 
check him at once and give the word "back" or 
"heel." In like manner when driving the cattle or 
sheep, the puppy being held in restraint b}^ a cord 
allowing him to reach the heel of the cattle as they 
are gently hastened, and giving him no opportunitv 
to get to the head, he will soon learn that at the 
heel is the proper place to drive. 

To teach him to remain at a certain place at 
command, first drive a stake in the c^Den lot, place 
yovir coat close to it and then chain the dog to 
this stake, giving him the word "down" and after 
having waited a short time go to him and saying 
"all right," free him. This repeated a few times it 
will not be necessary to use the chain and he will 
"whoa" and " down " at your command. To guide 
him to the right and left b\' the motion of the hand 



32 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

is easily accomplished. Take your position by the 
side of a low fence, and then by tossing a bit of 
food to the one side and then to the opposite, at 
the same moment giving a noticeable motion of the 
hand and calling to him "over." You can teach 
him to go to the right or left and at the same time 
jump the fence and go in the direction as indicated 
by your hand. To "go around." He can be sent 
to one side of a building and as you slip to the 
other out of his sight, give him the word "go round" 
he will go as told, thinking to meet you, and soon 
you can send him around the building without any 
movement on your own part. 

The beautiful Collie is endowed with great in- 
telligence and common sense, and can be so taught 
as to become a most useful and helpful companion 
if due thought and consideration is used in the early 
handling and management. 

To teach them to he cleanly in the house. In 
the first place always give them full opportunity to 
be neat by allowing them out-door freedom often. 
Through the dog it is an easy task to see to their 
manners. At night having given the dog a run out 
in the yard, then take a short chain, not over 
twenty or twenty-four inches long, and chain him 
to a staple in the extreme corner of a room, this 
gives him but small space in which to move about, 
he will not voluntarily make anj^ mistakes in such 
close quarters. The first thing in the morning at- 
tend to him and give him access to the open yard. 
Do not feed at night an3^ food liable to make him 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 33 

trouble, neither feed a full meal at that time while 
he is being trained. 

7'o teach him to be a good guard. Let some 
person with whom the dog^ is not familiar make 
boisterous noises about the door of the house while 
you are within, close to the door, and having the 
dog near to j'ou, when by your acts and encourage- 
ment he will be induced to take notice of the dis- 
turbance, and as he becomes aroused you will sanc- 
tion his bark, urging him on. 

Everybody's dog is a tiseless dog. No dog should 
be free to make friends at once w4th strangers. One 
reason is this. He may be easily stolen. Let some 
person, a stranger to him, as aljove, call the puppy 
or dog to him and when he has got him in hand, 
give the dog a good whipi)ing, and when he is re- 
leased tell him to "get out," this with considerable 
force. It will not take many lessons to keep him 
forever out of the hands of dishonest persons. Often 
caress your dog, he loves flattery from his master. 
Alake your dog your friend by being a true friend 
to him. Let every word have a meaning, he will 
learn them. Do not confuse by unnecessary words 
or motions. Often we command too much, which 
bewilders him. An impatient teacher seldom suc- 
ceeds. Hold your temper I If we are cross the dog- 
soon finds it out. We can err, so can the dog; 
have charit}'. A little run, before he receives his 
lesson, makes him more easily governed. Do not 
expect too much, in too brief a time. A pure bred 
dos' has distinctive characteristics which mav Ije 



34 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

depended upon. A mongrel dog is a conglomerate 
of conflicting qualities. His development is a mat- 
ter of luck. It is much iDctter to teach the dog in 
the absence of other dogs and strangers. He ma}- 
learn from a well trained dog. If the dog forgets 
his lessons, revert to the cord or chain again, he 
wmII take the hint. A starved dog is of but little 
use, an over-fat one is no better. 

In shipping dogs by express, make the box or 
crate no larger than the dog can easily turn around 
in, and giving him room to lie down at full length 
(except in long distances). Make the crate of as 
light material as will stand the handling en route. 
Have the crate so made as to give as much seclusion 
as possible. One end and the sides should be com- 
paratively made close, the top and one end made 
of slats, this gives the dog both plenty of air and 
a hiding place, away from the many disturbances 
in the cars, and an opportunity to sleep. The noises 
will not disturb him nearh' as much as the constant 
changes, moving boxes, etc., which he would see in 
an open crate. The more quiet the better journey. 
A good supph^ of old-fashioned "johnny cake'' or 
"griddle cakes" will answer for food. Do not feed 
the dog immediately before he is to be crated. Let 
him have a short run in the yard after being fed. 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 35 

OUR COLLIES OF THE PAST AND PRESENT. 

(BY C. C. PAI.NK, SOUTH RANDOLPH, VT. I 

Onr experience with Collies extends back to 
childhood, and nian\' are the fond recollections as- 
sociated with old "Trim" (my first dog) when a boy 
on my father's farm, driving the cows, hunting 
woodchucks, skunks, scjuirrels, etc. Old "Trim" I 
bought with my own hard-earned nickels and dimes 
when I was al)Out twelve years of age. He was a 
black, white and tan Collie, of good size but not 
ver3^ long haired. He was very intelligent and took 
to driving cows when less than three months old. 
He was past usefulness at about nine or ten years 
of age, having become deaf and lazy, and at this 
time 1 had a great desire to go into breeding Collies, 
and my parents consented to my buying a female 
pup if I would have old "Trim" laid away, so we 
made him a grave in the Pet Stock Cemetery on 
our old "Bunker Hill," and "thus endeth the first 
chapter." 

M3' first experience with pedigreed stock was the 
purchase of the black and tan bitch pup, Lark H, 
from a Connecticut breeder in 1884. She w^as a 
descendent of Old Sport and Shepherdess, winners of 
highest honors at the Centennial at Philadelphia in 
1876. Lark was remarkably intelligent and aftec- 
tionate and an excellent driver. Her first litter by 
Felch's Imported Gaffa, were a handsome lot of 
blacks and tans and "Dand\^" was reserved as a 
stud dog and w^as kept by a neighbor for me 
through life, his dam Lark H was bred to him sev- 



36 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

eral times with good results; one dog from this in- 
breeding became so noted for intelligence that an 
article appeared in regard to him in a local paper, 
in the town where he was owned b\' a postmaster, 
who had taught him to bring the U. S. mail from 
the railroad station, and although there were many 
trains daily, this dog knew the 'mail train every 
time and was onto his job like clock work. 

Lark was my constant companion in the wilds 
of Florida in the early '90s, and was the pet of all 
who knew her. When at church in a small Florida 
town (the doors being open). Lark would often 
come in and la3^ down on the carpet quietly and 
was never shown the door by any one; this dog 
was so near human that she contracted malaria 
while there and had chills at intervals for over a 
year after her return north. Lark's descendents to 
the present time are our most intelligent and best 
driving dogs. 

Another one of our Collies from way back was 
Fawn, purchased of I. K. Felch in 1885. She was 
a grand driver and left some good stock. Her first 
litter by "Imported Major" bred well with the 
" Lark stock." 

In 1894 we purchased for a stud dog Otterburn 
Hero 51,319; he was more of the modern type of 
Collies and had that bold bearing and was taller 
and longer headed than the ones we had previously 
been breeding. 

Hero was a grand driver and was of more help 
on the road driving stock than two boys or men. 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. rf< 

Hero died of distemper in liS99, leaving- no less than 
fifteen brood bitches in otn- kennels, and being much 
in need of a choicely bred stud dog we finalW se- 
cured "The Commodore" imported b_v E. S. Snow. 
He is of the present show t^'pe and a fair driver 
and a heeler, his only fault being a little too head- 
strong. I also have many bitches of the latest and 
most fashionable show^ strains, and from my experi- 
ence and observations, I must confess that I fear 
that the present fad for long heads and breeding 
onh' for show points are sacrificing driving quali- 
ties and intelligence, Imt I must not dwell on this 
deliciite subject, or I shall be getting into hot water, 
but I do hope the Collie is not coming to the point 
of there being two breeds, one to show and one for 
practical farm work. 

Now a few j^oints as to training the Collie. 
First, I will say that I am not a trainer. My best 
trained dogs (are "farmed" as the saying is). 
When 1 have a pup 1 wish to do extra well by, I 
get some of my farmer friends to take the pup at 
about eight or ten weeks of age, and let him come 
up by himself and you might say train himself, 
although of course much depends on the man who 
handles him ; if the pup can have an older dog of 
steady halDits and a good w^orker and quick to obe3' 
commands to associate with, all the better. In fact 
this is the best and about the only way I can work a 
pup on my own place. It is best not to allow a 
pup to drive cows until at least six months of age. 
If from ancestors that are heelers, he will be quite 



38 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

sure to go to heels, unless he should have his cour- 
age spoiled by getting kicked. For this reason, it 
is not best to let them drive too young. If pup is 
too headstrong, use a long cord on him, calling him 
back and pulling, and at same time, never kick or 
abuse your dog in any way. One of the worst 
features in a dog is a sneaking, skulking habit. 
When called, your dog should have full confidence 
in you, and then \^ou will have confidence in him. 

If you allow him to go with 3'our team on the 
road, teach him to stay in or under the vehicle 
when waiting. 

There is no better place for the farm Collie to 
sleep than in the stable with the cows. Make him 
a good nest there and have him stay there at night. 
Feed him a little new milk at milking time, and he 
will be contented to remain there after getting 
accustomed to it. 

A well trained Collie is the most valuable and 
useful animal on the farm, and man^' a farmer 
would feel much worse to lose his Collie than his 
best cow or horse. 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 39 




7\:> the kinrlncss of Dr. H. Liny Glover, veteriiui- 
rian to the Westminster Kennel Chih, Xew York, 
the author is indebted for the following remarks 
on Diseases of Dogs. 

DISTEMPER. 

The term distemper is particularly applied to 
animals of the brute creation, to the doti- when 
afflicted with that disease somewhat resembling^ 
tvphtis fever in the human race. 

Owing to more or less inbreeding that has been 
indulged in to intensify certain form and character- 
istics in dogs of most all l)reeds, constitution has 
to some extent been sacrificed. Animals bred in this 
way are, in consequence, less able to resist or com- 
bat disease than those with less pretentious claims 
to family distinction. 

Causes. — Bad sanitary' conditions, crowded or 
poorly drained kennels, exposure to damjiness, in- 
sufficient or over-feeding, improper diet, lack of 



40 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

fresh air and exercise, all conduce to the develop- 
ment of distemper. It is contagious, infectious, and 
will frequently appear spontaneouslj^ without an\' 
apparent cause, in certain localities assuming an 
epidemic form. Age is no exemption from distem- 
per, though it more frequently attacks young ani- 
mals than adults. Very few dogs pass through life 
without having it at some period. Many people 
are of the belief that their dogs have contracted 
distemper while being exhibited at bench shows. 
This is doubtless the case in many instances where 
the same benching is used at more than one show, 
for if distemper develops at the first place the 
benching is used, it wall become infected, and carry 
the disease to other shows unless it be thoroughh^ 
disinfected before being used a second time. The 
exhibition of a j^oung dog for the first time is a 
great strain on his nervous sj-stem, which doubt- 
less tends toward the development of this much 
dreaded disease. 

If an}'- dog having attained the age of one year 
in vigorous health, is then attacked with distemper, 
I know of no reason why he should not recover, 
providing the proper methods are employed, though 
occasionally a case occurs in which numerous com- 
plications arise, such as inflammation of the bowels, 
fits, chorea, parah^sis, jaundice, pneumonia or 
broncho-pneumonia, that will resist all the science 
of the veterinary profession. 

Symptoms. — In early stages, dullness, loss of 
appetite, sneezing, chills, fever, undue moisture of 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. -il 

the nose, congestion of the eyes, nausea, a gagging 
cough accompanied by the act of vomition, though 
rarely anything is voided (if anything, it will be a 
little mucus), thirst, a desire to lie in a warm place, 
and rapid emaciation. This is (juickly followed by 
muco-purulent discharge from the eyes and nose, 
later, perhaps ulceration of either eyes or eyelids. 
Labored respiration, constipation or ol)stinate 
diarrhoea, usually the latter, which frequently runs 
into inflammation of the bowels. Inflammation of 
the mucous membrane of the entire alimentary canal 
exists, all the organs in time becoming more or less 
involved. A pustulous eruption on the skin is l\v 
some authors considered a favoral)le sym]:)ton, but 
to me it is evidence of a vitiated condition of the 
blood. In some cases many of the above symptoms 
wdl be absent, the bowels being the first parts 
attacked. 

Treatment.— The animal should be placed in 
warm dry quarters, and hygienic conditions strictly 
observed. There should he sufficient ventilation 
without draughts. 

With puppies I would advise at the start giving 
Glover's Vermifuge, as nearly all have worms, 
which add greatly to the irritation of stomach, 
bowels and nervous system present in distemper. 
The bedding should be changed daily and the apart- 
ment disinfected two or three times a week. 

Feed frequently on easily digested, nutritious 
diet, such as beef tea or mutton broth, thickened 
with rice. Let all food be shghtly cool, and keep 



42 THE USEFUL COLLIE AXD 

fresh, cold water at all times within reach of the 
animal. If constipation be present, give warm 
water and glycerine enemas, and an occasional dose 
of castor oil if necessary. Should the bowels be- 
come too much relaxed with any tendency to inflam- 
mation, feed entirely on farinaceous food, such as 
arrowroot, farina or corn starch with well boiled 
milk, as even Ijeef tea is somewhat of an irritant 
to the stomach and bowels. In case of persistent 
diarrhoea, with possibh' blood and mucus in the 
movements, with frequent desire to relieve the 
bowels, accompanied by straining, but a few drops 
being passed at a time, give Glover's Diarrhoea Cure 
which will allay irritation and heal. When symp- 
toms of distemper first appear, Glover's Distemper 
Cure should be given and persisted in for several 
days after all S3'mptoms have disappeared, to insure 
perfect recover\'. An animal may have so far 
recovered that the owner considers it unnecessary 
to give any further medicine, the suspension of 
which will often result in a relapse, recovery from 
which is uncertain. In the treatment of distemper, 
one great object is to keep up the general strength, 
so in case of extreme debility a little whiskey in 
milk or milk punches may be allowed. 

The e^'es should be bathed with warm water 
two or three times a day to keep them free of 
mucus, it will besides help to keep down inflamma- 
tion. Should film form over the e^'-es or ulceration 
of the eyes or eyelids occur. Glover's Eye Lotion 
mav be used with benefit. If at anv time the accu- 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 43 

mnlation of mncus in the air passages shoitld l^e so 
great as to interfere with breathing, steaming the 
head will soften, detaeh and cause it to flow freeh', 
thus giving reHef, or in very urgent cases if the 
animal is comparativeK- strong, a mild emetic ma\' 
be administered. 

MANGE. 

The term mange as applied to animals is identi- 
cal with itch in the human race, in both of which 
parasitic life exists in the skin, and is purely a 
cutaneous disease. 

Sarcoptic MAX(iE may be recognized by the fol- 
lowing s\^mptoms, viz., intense itching, small red 
points appearing on the skin, which quickly develop 
into pustules, exuding a fluid which forms scabs. 
When from scratching or in other ways the scabs 
are removed, the hair will accompau}^ them leaving 
the parts nude. The parasite usually first attacks 
the skin where most exposed from shortness or 
absence of hair; under the shoulders and thighs, 
about the hock joints, feet and eyes, are favorite 
places. It is not long confined to these localities, 
but rapiclh' spreads until the entii'e body is covered, 
unless checked by some application that will effect- 
ually destroy the parasites. 

Follicular Mange though not causing the same 
amount of itching, is accompanied by a fetid bod^^ 
smell, the pustules sometimes discharging. The hair 
will be left standing firmly in places, while other 
parts may never again be as fidl in coat, owing to 



44^ THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

the hair folHcles being destro3^ed by the parasites. 
Though this form of mange is not so annoying to 
the animal as the first named varietj^, it does not 
yield as readih^ to treatment as sarcoptic mange, 
owing to the parasite being more deeply seated in 
the former. For the same reason it is not so easily 
transmitted. 

Trp:atment. — Many preparations are used in the 
treatment of mange into which enter largely differ- 
ent forms of mercurj', such as corrosive sublimate, 
red or white precipitate, or the ordinary mercurial 
ointment. The great objections to their use are 
that they are rapidly absorbed, and are productive 
of a form of eczema, termed eczema hydrargynia, 
or may cause salivation, besides rendering the ani- 
mal particular^ susceptible to colds or rheumatism. 
Again, it is necessar}^ to keep the animal muzzled 
during their use to prevent his licking the poison, 
and the muzzle to some dogs is simply torture. 
Carbolic acid has also been recommended, but if 
used suificiently strong to kill the parasites, will 
destroy the hair follicles. It is therefore desirable 
that something should be used that is harmless, and 
at the same time effective. Glover's Mange Cure is 
a positive remedy for any all cases of mange, effect- 
ually destroying the parasites, and contains no 
poison of any nature. It is so perfectly harmless 
that it might be given internally without any bad 
results. It would mereh^ purge the bowels, and 
have a beneficial effect on the blood. 

It should be thoroughly well applied over the 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 45 

entire boch', rubbing it well into the skin, and 
allowing- it to remain on. Should a second appli- 
cation be necessary, it nia_Y be made three da\^s 
later. Usually one or two applications are sufficient 
to effect a radical cure. Any case of skin trouble 
that it fails to effectually cure, may positively be 
determined as not a true mange. And although the 
Mange Cure will usualh' correct all external troubles 
arising from causes heretofore mentioned, the ani- 
mal may continue to break out, in which case some 
form of ec;f:ema exists. 

WORMS. 

Worms, without doubt, cause the death, in 
various ways, of more pujjpies, and are more to be 
guarded against, than other diseases, from the fact 
that they may be destroying life when their pres- 
ence is not suspected, except to those who are quite 
familiar with the sjnnptoms. In discussing the sub- 
ject of these internal parasites, I will merely touch 
upon those with which dogs are most commonly 
affected. Foremost is the round worm, which in- 
habits the stomach and small intestines. The\' are 
of about the diameter of vermicelli, of a wax^^ color, 
from three to six inches in length, and pointed at 
each extremit^^ The\' will sometimes pass with the 
foeces or may be vomited up, though their presence 
may not be made known in either wa3'. 

Of all varieties the round worm is to be most 
feared, and is more fatal to the lives of puppies and 
3'oung dogs than adults, though the latter are fre- 



46 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

queiitly troubled with them. They cause great irri- 
tation of the stomach and intestines, giving rise to 
fits, indigestion, and obstinate diarrhoea, and are 
often present in such quantities as to cause obstruc- 
tion of the bowels. 

The maw worm is of a slightly- pinkish color 
from half an inch to one inch in length ; is located 
in the rectum, and though not dangerous, causes 
much irritation, and is the source of great annoy- 
ance. It will sometimes produce partial paralysis 
in puppies, the paralysis disappearing after the 
worms are expelled. This worm is spoken of by 
some authors as being a segment of the tape worm, 
but I am of the opinion that it is a distinct variety, 
as 1 have frequently found it present when there 
was no evidence of the existence of tape worm. 
The}' are passed adhering to the foeces, and are 
often seen sticking to the hair about the anus. 

Tape Worm. — There are a number of varieties 
of tape worm to which the dog is subject, but as 
they all affect the animal in a similar manner. I 
shall not enter into their classification, but advise 
the same treatment for all. 

The tape worm is formed in sections of from 
one-quarter to one-half inch in length, white, and 
about as large round as a coarse thread. It is the 
most difficult of all worms to thoroughly eradicate, 
as portions will pass away from time to time, but 
so long as the head remains it will continue to 
grow. It is therefore necessary to persist in the use 
of a vermifuge until the head has been passed, and 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 47 

this can onh^ he positively determined Ijy a micro- 
scopic examination of the matter voided. 

Symptoms. — Restlessness, disturbed slumber, 
cough, unpleasant breath, nausea, colicky j^ains, 
irregularity^ of the bowels, persistent diarrhoea, 
mucus passed with or following an action of the 
bowels, caked nose, perverted appetite, the animal 
sw^allowing foreign substances, such as ashes, coal, 
straw, bits of wood, etc. Pallid visible membranes, 
es])ecially in puppies, and a bloated appearance of 
the abdomen wdiile thin elsewhere. Harsh, staring 
condition of the coat, dragging the hind part on 
the ground in a sitting position, all indicate the 
existence of some variety- of worms. 

Treatmp:nt. — Among the old-fashioned remedies 
for w^orms are powdered glass, tin fihngs, turpen- 
tine and Areca nut, all of which are extremeh' irri- 
tating to the mucous membrane lining the stomach 
and intestines. The most dangerous of these is 
Areca nut, which I have known to kill so many 
dogs that I am greatly opposed to its use. If fresh 
ground, I believe it will produce gastro-enteritis, if 
stale it is quite inert. 

As little or no action is derived from the use of 
vermifuge when there is food in the stomach, an 
animal should be fasted for at least twelve hours 
before administering it, and not fed sooner than 
two hours after. The advantages that I claim for 
Glover's Vermifuge over all others are, that while 
being eciualh' efficacious, it is perfecth^ harmless to 
use, that it does not irritate the alimentarv tract. 



48 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

but alla^^s any irritation having been caused by 
worms, and that it does not require to be followed 
by a purgative, as is the case with others. As 
nine-tenths of all puppies have worms when born, 
I have always made it a rule to give those of my 
breeding some of the Vermifuge as soon as weaned, 
or even before, if I considered the case urgent. M^^ 
idea is to get rid of the worms before they have 
done damage. 

INDIGESTION IN DOGS. 

This is a subject that has been touched upon but 
lightly by other writers, and, as it is a trouble of 
such frequent occurrence, a few lines on the subject, 
I think, will be of value to dog owners. Many 
people are of the opinion that a dog can digest old 
boots, tin cans, etc., but such is far from being the 
case. A dog's digestive organs are a very delicate 
piece of mechanism, requiring judgment and care to 
keep in order, particularly those kept in confine- 
ment. The prevailing causes are improper or irreg- 
ular feeding and large meals after long fasting. 
The animal being very hungry, will bolt his food, 
giving rise to indigestion. Lack of exercise is also 
a factor in producing this trouble. 

Symptoms. — Frequent vomiting, deranged condi- 
tion of the bowels, constipation sometimes prevail- 
ing; at other times diarrhoea, vertigo, nervousness 
or stretching, the animal frequently- assuming the 
following position : Front paws extended with 
head placed on ground between them ; while stand- 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 4-9 

ing erect on hitid legs, with back arched and belly 
tucked up; at other times U'ing flat, with abdomen 
pressed to the ground; swallowing foreign sub- 
stances, such as ashes, straw, sticks or grass, all of 
which increase the trouble. This the animal doul)t- 
less does owing to the inicomfortable feeling in the 
stomach, which he hopes to alla^^ or relieve. How 
frequentl}^ have you noticed a dog eating grass, but 
have \'ou ever stopped to think why he does so? 
He does it with the object of relieving the stomach, 
the grass acting as an emetic and mild purge. 
Of course, after the stomach is relieved of food, the 
indigestion is temporarily better, as there is then 
no food in the stomach to give it work which it 
cannot ])erform. When a dog's digestion is in per- 
fect order he has no craving or appetite for such 
matter, the bowels move regularly, the foeces nor- 
mal, and the food properly assimilated. 

An acute attack is frecjuently accompanied by 
convidsions; when such occur, \'our neighbor, who 
has probably at some time owned a dog, advises 
giving your dog salt, but, if asked why, he is un- 
able to explain. The reason is simph^ that the salt 
acts as an emetic, and, as previously mentioned in 
reference to grass eating, the stomach is relieved, 
and the dog returns to consciousness. 

Eczema is also a frequent symptom, and let me 
state right here, that I find more cases of eczema- 
tous eruptions arising from a disordered condition 
of the digestion than any other cause. Doubtless 
manv who will read this will recognize the fact that 



50 THE USEFUL COLLIE AND 

at some time some certain dog has had some obsti- 
nate skin trouble, all kinds of which are by the la^^- 
man diagnosed as "mange," and that, after tr3'ing 
various mange cures to which the trouble has not 
yielded, the blood has then been treated with no 
better results. Having so many cases of indigestion 
in my daily practice, and being so frequently con- 
sulted by letter, it became imperative that I should 
put a remedy in the market for this ailment which 
dog owners could avail themselves of without the 
necessit3'^ of consulting me. This I have done in the 
form of a pill. 

To any who have, or maj^ have in the future, 
indigestion cases, let me advise the following treat- 
ment, viz. : Feed rather sparingly three times a day 
on raw or rare scraped beef, this being the most 
readily accepted and most easily digested of all 
foods when the digestion is disordered, allowing no 
other diet, and giving immediateh^ after each meal 
one of Glover's Digestive Pills. Add to the drinking- 
water lime water in the proportion of 1 to 30. 

By following this treatment as laid down many 
cases of eczema will disappear. Some, probably, 
may be accelerated by the use of a skin lotion in 
conjunction. Eczema in these instances is merely a 
S3^mptom appearing in evidence of disordered diges- 
tion. Indigestion may be considered as a mild form 
of gastritis which, if not corrected, will be followed 
b}^ true gastritis, the stomach then being in such 
condition that nothing is retained, even water being 
returned immediately after drinking. This will be 



HOW TO MAKE HIM SO. 51 

accompanied by fever, colic, emaciation, and only 
too often followed b}^ death. 

FLEAS. 

Fleas keep a dog so busily employed scratching 
and biting himself that he gets but little sleep or 
rest. Between fleas and scratching much irritation 
of the skin is produced which in time assumes an 
eczematous form. 

Besides the annoj'ance, the coat is gnawed oft^ or 
torn out b\' the nails, giving to what has been a 
Ijeautifully coated animal, a ragged, uidvcmpt and 
unthrifty appearance. Constant vigilance is the 
price of keeping dogs free of ileas in warm weather, 
particularly if a num])er are kennelled together. 
An animal ma}- be entirely rid of them one da}-, 
and have quantities the next, as they do not con- 
fine their homes for propagation to the dog's coat, 
but will breed in bedding, carpets or sand, or the ani- 
mal may get them from coming in contact with other 
dogs or cats harljoring the ever bus_v Pulex ivritans 
(Flea). In consequence of the rapid increase of these 
pests in sand, the dogs of California are much troubled 
with them. I might add the human race as well. 

Tre.vtment.— For the destruction of these exter- 
nal parasites, all mercurial preparations, though 
efficacious, should not be used for the reasons given 
in the treatment of mange. Carbolic soap, or a 
solution of carbolic acid, is recommended, but I am 
opposed to its use from the fact that anything con- 
taining carbolic acid is injurious to the skin and 



52 THE USEFUL COLLIE. 

coat, drying up the natural oils, thus rendering 
tliem dry and harsh. I use carbolic acid on dogs 
only as an antiseptic in case of abscesses, ulcers, 
unhealthy sores, or after operating. Glover's Mange 
Cure is instant death to fleas, and will at the same 
time allay all irritation caused by scratching, etc. 

If applied once or twice a week and allowed to 
remain on, fleas will not approach an animal so 
treated. On house or pet dogs, it may be applied 
and -washed off immediately after, and not a flea 
will be left alive. For toy dogs and those with 
particularly delicate skins, Glover's Kennel Soap 
should be used, as it contains all the medicinal prop- 
erties of the mange cure, but necessarily considerably 
modified b3^ the body of the soap, which is of the 
finest of palm oil, olive oil and glycerine, avoiding 
even the use of alkalies as far as possible, as all 
alkalies are destructive to the coat, and common 
soaps are largely made up of them. 




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Digestive Pills . . . .50 

Liver Pills 50 

Com. Sulphur Tablets .50 
Worm Capsules . . .50 
Tape Worm Capsules .50 
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In Cattle -^ -^ 



Mapleniont Stock Farm are breeding^ the RED 
POLLS, AYRSHIRES and JERSEYS, and tisiially 
have something: for sale in each of the above 
breeds. All cattle registered or eligible. 



In Sheep -^ -^ 



Have the CORSETS, only. All registered stock 
and the llock is comjiosed of fine specimens of the 
breed. Also have a small llock of registered .\n- 
gora Goats. 



In Swine -^ -^ 



The CHESHIRE is the main stay, although al- 
ways have specimens of the Imp. Small Yorkshire. 
Foundation stock of CHESHIRE came from the 
finest herd in this country. All Swine registered 
or eligible. 



In Poultry -^ -^ 



Have only the farmers' fowl, the LIGHT BRAHMA. 
Always a favorite and justly so. Our pens are 
always headed by pedigreed cocks and cockerels, 
and the use of trap nests have helped to more 
firmly establish the heavy laying finalities. 



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.\nd SVRri* of our own make always on hand 
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m 8 1902 

MAPLEMONT 
STOCK ^ 

FARM 

Always has on hand 

• -^1 COl-I_IES^<*• • 

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If you wish a dog for a worker, companion, playmate 

for children, or if for breeding and show^ing, 

shall be glad to send you my 

catalogue and quotations. 

Free for the asking. 



